Why the Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered Essay Example Essay Example

Why the Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered Essay Example Paper Why the Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered Essay Introduction Heather Evans Mr. PhillipsEnglish 10211/25/2010 | | Why the Drinking Age Should Not be Lowered. | | According to the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, â€Å"Increasing the age at which people can legally purchase and drink alcohol has been the most successful intervention to date in reducing drinking and alcohol-related crashes among people under the age of 21. †(Nakaya) Among teens and young adults, alcohol is the drug of choice. Many are not aware that they are harming their bodies when drinking. Teens may come intoxicated and make harmful decisions that they would not normally make when not under the influence. Many young people are experiencing the consequences of drinking too much, at too early an age. As a result, underage drinking is a leading public health problem in this country (Ojeda). According to the Department of Health and Human Services, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking. Some are crash relate d, homicide, suicide, and other injuries such as falls, burns, and drownings. When President Ronald Reagan signed this law on July 17, 1984 at the White House Rose Garden ceremony, he said, â€Å"We know that people in the 18-to-20 age group are more likely to be in alcohol-related accidents than those in any other age group. We know that America has a clear stake in making certain that her sons and daughters, so full of vitality and promise, will not be crippled or killed. Why the Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered Essay Body Paragraphs And we all know that there is one simple measure that will save thousands of young lives if we raise the drinking age to 21†(Hamilton). Teens are starting to drink earlier each year. In 1965, the average drinking age was around 17 1/2. In 2003, the average drinking age was around 14. By lowering the age to drink, people are giving teens and young adults permission to harm themselves and possibly harm others. The brain keeps developing in to the twenties so if teens drink at the age of 18 or younger they are not allowing the brain to function correctly. Auriana Ojeda states that â€Å"Differences between the adult brain and the brain of the maturing adolescent also may help to explain why many young drinkers are able to consume much larger amounts of alcohol than adults before experiencing the negative consequences of drinking, such as drowsiness, lack of coordination, and withdrawal/hangover effects. This unusual tolerance may help to explain the high rates of binge drinking a mong young adults. At the same time, adolescents appear to be particularly sensitive to the positive effects of drinking, such as feeling more at ease in social situations, and young people may drink more than adults because of these positive social experiences. † Young people that start using alcohol at an early age are more prone to use alcohol when they are older. This may also result in binge drinking and alcoholism. Why do some teens and young adults drink? No one really knows the answer to that but it has become clear that some do it because of peer pressure. A teen goes to a party and sees that all of their friends are drinking, so he or she decides that they want to fit in and follow what their friends are doing. This also leads to other drug usage. Peer pressure is one of the main sources of underage drinking. Another reason teens may drink is that they may see their parents drinking and see that it may be fun. Drinking is not always fun. Some adults know how to act w hen they drink and are responsible enough to know when to stop. They also might call someone to come get them when they have been drinking. Teens may not call someone. They see that it will be â€Å"cool† if they drink and drive not realizing the risks of it. Also adults that drink more may have children who favor drinking and will drink a lot. Radio, television, and the internet also have a big part on teenage drinking. Young adults see movies and TV shows that promote underage drinking and it makes drinking seem fun and not risky. They do not realize that it is just television and some of the things that are done are done by professionals and stunt people. And normally they are not drinking in the shows. Just making it seem like it. The media uses this to their advantage. The alcohol companies pay the media to do commercials and the media pay the companies to use their product in shows and movies. Alcohol commercials are now made to where they make the alcohol desirable to young people so they can sell more. Stores that provide alcohol are accepting to these commercials because it allows them to make more money. It does not matter to them if the adult gives the alcohol to young teens. As long as the teen does not buy it they do not care. Raising the price of alcohol may also help out underage drinking. Ojeda also states in his research that teens also do not see the health risks that they are putting themselves in. They are more prone to liver damage, obesity, and other major health issues. Studies show that with teens that are overweight or obese, they have elevated liver enzymes even with only moderate drinking. Teens that are going through or about to go through puberty also show the upset of the critical hormonal balance necessary for normal development of organs, muscles, and bones. Ojeda) Studies in animals show that drinking during puberty also has an effect on the reproductive system. Other risky behaviors may include unplanned sexual activity . This may result in an unplanned pregnancy or forms of STD. Teens are more hormonal and with the influence of alcohol they may make decisions that will affect the rest of their life. They may also develop an alcohol use disorder. Young people who drink heavily are also more prone to drinking heavily as adults which may cause health issues as they get older. Having the drinking age set to 21 years of age has been a proven success. An estimated 20,000 lives have been saved due to the law. (Hamilton) Since President Reagan established the law, the fatal accidents involved with drunk driving or young people that have been drinking and were in an accident, has been cut in half. That does not even include the number of injuries that have been reduced by the law. The â€Å"21† law is very effective. It does not stop teens from drinking but it does stop them from being able to buy the alcohol. Removing the law would help the companies and the stores that sell alcohol, but it will al so make the number of deaths rise and the number of young adults that drink heavily rise as well. If people remove the â€Å"21† law they might as well let drugs be legal. Alcohol is just a drug for young teens to experience. Other consequences of underage drinking include death from alcohol poisoning, academic problems, various social problems, and physical problems such as medical illnesses. (Nakaya) Teens that consume alcohol on a daily basis or quite often experience changes in school and other things that they normally would do. Underage drinking may result in teens losing friendships over it, failing grades, and also becoming ill more often in a result of their immune system not fully in order. Teens may feel like they are not accepted in society so they drink more to help them with the emptiness. They may start to think that their parents are always yelling or getting on to them or they are always in trouble because they are in a state of mind where they cannot functio n without the alcohol. Once they consume some, teens are back to the normal state of mind in their eyes and can function. Because of this teens are getting addicted and become very dependent on alcohol. If they do not get their alcohol they go into a depression and start having withdraws. At this time they should realize what they are doing to their bodies but some do not and they continue to drink and harm themselves. College students may also be more affected by alcohol because teens see that college is just one big party. Teens that are just enrolling in college are trying to fit in. They go to parties and drink heavily. They then become intoxicated and are more accepting to do dumb things. A college student is new to the environment and does not know how to act. Some students are focused on school and do not go to parties and if they do they do not drink. The students that do drink feel that they are accepted in the society of college and may think it is the right path for them. They become overwhelmed and most do not finish out the degree program. Some realize what they are doing and stop drinking and become more academically focused and succeed in getting their degree. As you can see there are many reasons on why the drinking age should not be lowered. I feel that people between the ages of 18 – 21 are not fully aware of all the risks and may have alcohol as a crutch. Teens need to focus on school and doing something with their life. There are too many people in the world that have let alcohol consume them and have not done anything with they have wanted. Works Cited: Hamilton, Wendy J. â€Å"Age-Twenty-One Drinking Laws Protect Youth. † Alcohol. Ed. Andrea C. Nakaya. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Nakaya, Andrea C. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. â€Å"Underage Drinking Is a Serious Problem. † Alcohol. Ed. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Nelson, David E. â€Å"The Drinking Age Should Not Be Lo wered. † Teen Drug Abuse. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints. Ojeda, Audriana. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. â€Å"The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered. † Teens at Risk. Ed. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Why the Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why the Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why the Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

History of the Second Congo War

History of the Second Congo War The first phase of the Second Congo War led to a stalemate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. On one side were Congolese rebels backed and guided by Rwanda, Uganda, and Burundi. On the other side were both Congolese paramilitary groups and the government, under the leadership of  Laurent Dà ©sirà ©-Kabila, backed by Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, the Sudan, Chad, and Libya.   A Proxy War By September 1998, a month after the Second Congo War had begun, the two sides were at a stalemate. The pro-Kabila forces controlled the West and central part of the Congo, while the anti-Kabila forces controlled the east and part of the north.   Much of the fighting for the next year was by proxy. While the Congolese military (FAC) continued to fight, Kabila also supported Hutu militias in rebel territory as well as pro-Congolese forces known as  Mai Mai. These groups attacked the rebel group,  Rassemblement Congolais pour la Dà ©mocratie  (RCD), which was largely made up of Congolese Tutsis and was supported, initially, by both Rwanda and Uganda.  Uganda also sponsored a second rebel group in the northern Congo, the  Mouvement pour la  Libà ©ration du Congo (MLC).   In 1999, a Failed Peace In late June, the major parties in the war met at a peace conference in Lusaka, Zambia. They agreed to a ceasefire, exchange of prisoners, and other provisions to bring about peace, but the not all of the rebel groups were even at the conference and others refused to sign. Before the agreement even became official, Rwanda and Uganda split, and their rebel groups began fighting in the DRC. The Resource War One of the most significant show downs between Rwandan and Ugandan troops was in the city of Kisangani, an important site in the Congo lucrative diamond trade. With the war stretching on, the parties began focusing on gaining access to the Congos wealth of riches: gold, diamonds, tin, ivory, and coltan. These conflict minerals made the war profitable for all involved in their extraction and sale, and extended the misery and danger for those who were not, mainly women. Millions died of hunger, disease, and a lack of medical care.  Women were also systematically and brutally raped. Doctors in the region came to recognize the trademark wounds left by the torture methods used by the different militias. As the war became more and more overtly about profit, the various rebel groups all began fighting among each other. The initial divisions and alliances that had characterized the war in its earlier stages dissolved, and fighters took what they could.  The United Nations sent in peacekeeping forces, but they were inadequate for the task. The Congo War Officially Draws to a Close In January 2001,  Laurent Dà ©sirà ©-Kabila was assassinated by one of his bodyguards, and his son, Joseph Kabila, assumed the presidency.  Joseph Kabila proved more popular internationally than his father, and the DRC soon received more aid than formerly. Rwanda and Uganda were also cited for their exploitation of the Conflict minerals and received sanctions. Finally, Rwanda was losing ground in the Congo. These factors combined to slowly bring about a decline in the Congo War, which officiall ended in 2002 in peace talks in Pretoria, South Africa. Again, not all of the rebel groups participated in the talks, and the eastern Congo remained a troubled zone. Rebel groups, including the Lords Resistance Army, from neighboring Uganda, and fighting between groups continued for more than a decade.   Resources and Further Reading Prunier, Gerald.  .Africa’s World War: The Congo, Rwandan Genocide, and the Making of a Continental Catastrophe  Oxford University Press: 2011.Van Reybrouck, David.  Congo: The Epic History of a People. Harper Collins, 2015.

Business Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Business Information System - Essay Example Particularly they are required to help each resident attain or uphold the highest possible mental, psychosocial and physical well being. Care and treatment provided must improve o r maintain health subject to resident’s right to select and decline services. The standards of care in nursing homes are government prospect however quality is not assured. Geriatrics has various needs that aids in its day to day operations. First of all accommodation need. A resident has the right to obtain services and reside with reasonable accommodation of personal desires and needs. The institutions should acclimatize things like room arrangements, schedules, call systems and staff assignments to contain residents’ exclusive needs, desires and preferences. If there is existence of communication barrier between the staff and residents, the nursing g home is required to ensure adequate communication through use of interpreters or other measures that will facilitate communication. Secondly adequate nursing and other employees are required in the nursing homes to meet the needs of each resident in the geriatric at all times. The nursing homes are also required to establish an all-inclusive and individualized care plan for each resident that states care needs and how they will be met. This ensures proper and up to standards services are adhered to by the staff employed, considering the number and personal attention each resident requires or is entitled to. One of the most widespread reasons why people seek nursing home care is due to urinary incontinence and uncontrollable bladder. Incontinence and lack of toileting aid results too many serious problems for example isolation, pressure sores and psychological harm. Each resident bowel control complications must be thoroughly assessed and given care and treatments that can improve the condition. Many geriatric occupants are not incontinent but require

Philosophy of language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Philosophy of language - Essay Example Traditionally, opponents of the CTP have held that the statement â€Å"that appears/seems red† is reserved for situations in which there is reasonable doubt in an individual’s mind regarding whether something is truly red or otherwise. In that sense, part of the meaning inherent in â€Å"that appears/seems red† is attributable to the doubt in the speaker’s mind concerning whether something is red. Consequently, it would be inappropriate, and quite rightly so, to suggest that there is any ounce of doubt regarding whether something is red and it is false that anything â€Å"appears/looks/seems red† when one sees something red. For that reason, critics of the CTP have argued that seeing red cannot be analysed in causal terms, that is, in terms of it being caused to be in a manner in which an entity â€Å"looks/appears/seems† red. In 1961, Herbert Paul Grice, notable for his pioneering work in the philosophy of language, came to the defense of CT P; this paper explains the manner in which Grice employed his notion of implicature in defense of the Causal Theory of Perception. Grice published an article in which he distinguished between what is meant (what is said) and what is implied (implicated) (Bardzokas 2010, p.114); basically, Grice argues that in saying â€Å"that appears/seems/looks red†, one may implicate that something is not really red but does not out rightly refute that something is red or mean it is not really red. According to Grice, it is actually possible that one who says â€Å"that looks/seems/appears red† sees something red and it could also be that they see something that seems red to them (even if otherwise). If to say â€Å"that appears red† implicates that something may not necessarily be red, it is contradictory to say â€Å"that appears red, and it is red†; Grice posits that the implication that a thing is not really red can be explicitly cancelled out. Consequently, if the implicatum of what a speaker says

Rigid journey Essay Example for Free

Rigid journey Essay It was a â€Å"rigid journey† that started with two voices and that ended with one. One is the voice of meaningless modernity. Disjointed and syncopated, this voice hopes to fit in with the norm, tirelessly finding meaning through misconstrued words. The other is the voice of an ailing past as it struggles to keep up with the present. It is the words of fable and myth, lost in the humdrum of everyday life. Coming in contact through an unexpected dialogue, these two voices collide but, further on, reveal their similarities in order to address the issues of their looming futures. Jonathan Safran Foer’s critically-successful debut novel Everything is Illuminated relishes in these two voices, speaking to its readers in dual tones as a metaphor of the different perspectives that arise from a problem of identity that epitomizes this generation: a generation fraught by issues brought about by concerns of industry, capitalism, and materialism. Part memoir, part travelogue, this novel primarily chronicles the travels of Jonathan Foer, a young Jewish-American writer of the same name as the author, who attempts to research his grandfather’s life in Ukraine and discover the woman who had saved him from apparent execution in the hands of Nazi soldiers. To make his trip remotely easier, he employs the help of Heritage Tours, a tour company that specializes in aiding Jewish-Americans retrace their roots in the Old Country. His guide and translator for this trip is Alex Perchov, a Ukrainian of the same age who is utterly enraptured by the American culture that reaching the State’s worshipped shores and becoming an accountant is all he has ever dreamed about. Along with the ride are Alex’s Grandfather, their supposedly blind driver, and his â€Å"seeing-eye bitch† Sammy Davis Junior, Junior. But, Foer, the author, also incorporates a second and third narrative amidst this backdrop of identity-searching. One, told in Jonathan’s voice, tells the story of his Grandfather’s shtetl or town, TrachimBrod, its fabled rise and evident fall during World War II. We can initially perceive the novel as a seeming coming-of-age story that finds its core in the retelling of the happenings of the Holocaust and its evident impact on its Jewish survivors and their kin. But, it also echoes of the capitalist ideologies that define our era and how it has come to mold our youth, as seen through the depiction of Jonathan and Alex. With this in mind, this paper aims to create an understanding of the hegemony within the text through the use of Marxist literary criticism. An Overview of Marxism and the Communist Manifesto At the heart of Marxism lies the struggle between classes, a definitive clash of ideologies brought about by the fight over the right of power. It is primarily a critique of the current Industrial Age society, wherein an apparent discrepancy between the growing bourgeois class and the working class began to be noticeable. Promulgated by Karl Marx in the early nineteenth century, Marxism finds its roots in the analysis of the source of power, the base of power, within a society and how this social class determines the course of production within a society (Marx and Engels 1848). Heralded as the core ideology of Communism, it is a politically-driven social theory that deems to see that the proletariat be considered a class, that the reigning bourgeois be overthrown, and that political power should be reverted to the proletariat (Marx, Engels, and Jones 15). Applied to literature, Marxism becomes a critique of the social structures and the point of authority found in the text, as concocted by the writer’s own perceptions of the history of class within the novel. The Communist â€Å"bible†, Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto, co-written by Frederick Engels, calls the proletariat to arms in what they see as a social revolution unlike any other. They deem that Capitalist rulings of the working class as exploitative, seeing these people merely as dispensable commodity to yield production. They deem the bourgeoisie as state of â€Å"the abolition of individuality and freedom (22). † They narrate series of possible events to the dissolution of the bourgeoisie that would mean the rise of the proletariat and the erasure of any other remnants of the feudalist system (Marx and Engels 17). Over-all, it is deemed that the only answer to a social revolution is the forcible overthrow of the present reigning base of power, the denouncement of past social conditions, and the creation of a strong network of representative that would protect the individual rights of working men and women. A Dichotomy of Roles What makes Foer’s novel a definite stand-out in the literary scene is its experimentation with form and its boundless potentials. For his novel, he follows three narratives as told by the two primary characters of the text, Jonathan and Alex. Placed in the context of Marxism, there is an evident inner struggle between the two characters that is representative of their own social statuses and how they manage to deal with the issues specific to it. According to Marx’s groundbreaking treatise, â€Å"society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat (Marx and Engels 9). † Although, most may deem this social division as outdated, it still reveals much about our current social structure that expected. In our globalized view, such structure can now be attributed to cultures dominating over each other, cultures that manipulate the flow of international relations given the power they retain through their economic superiority—a system that Marx had initially suspected. As with today’s society, American culture (though flailing amidst the rise of new economic powers) remains the power base and controls much of the world’s economic activity, and hence, becomes the source of all human institutions and ideologies, or what Marx calls, the superstructure. With this power behind them, the base is able to influence the direction that society is driven to, characterizing each element as they see fit. Evident in the novel is undisputed hegemony of American culture as presented through the character of Alex. Ensnared by the allure of money and progress, Alex is the quintessential American â€Å"wanna be†. He is driven to create an image of himself that is allegedly reminiscent of this culture: a womanizer, an excessive spender, a big talker. Evidence of this fascination with American culture can also be read in page 69 wherein Alex speaks with Jonathan over dinner and bombards him with questions about American life: â€Å"Are there good accounting schools? Are there Negro accountants? How much is the coffee there (Foer 69)? † All the answers elicit an excitement for this prevailing culture, all the more pushing Alex to value it more than he does his own. In a letter to Jonathan written purportedly after the his visit to Ukraine, he mentions that he is saving up to go to the States, and that in order to save money (despite his Father’s belief that he isn’t so), he stays at the beach and just thinks. He thinks that Jonathan is so lucky (52). These ideas of American culture, the American Dream, are in fact disseminated through the film medium as presented in the text when Alex says: â€Å"I dig American movies (2). † It is, in essence, a diluted imagery of what American culture is like as shown through the limited capacity of film. Gone are seemingly politically correct ideologies and from the vantage point of Alex’s restricted viewpoint of American culture we see the flaws of a race and gender divided structure. It is also necessary to note the importance of the Alex’s use of language in the text. His language is a mix of profundity and slang in an attempt to sound as American as possible, but failing miserably to communicate what he actually means in the process. His misconstrued language echoes the attempt of the working class to attain a level of equality with the bourgeois (American culture), but unsuccessfully doing so because the line that separates the two arenas can never be crossed. Alex’s character, in this sense, epitomizes the proletariat desire to obtain an amount of power (how miniscule) it might be from the dominating bourgeois by inculcating themselves within a culture created by the elite. When he took on the role of translate for Jonathan, Alex believed it to be an â€Å"unordinary (Foer 2)† experience. By taking on this Americanized persona, Alex believes he is setting himself apart from a family of three Alex’s, from his own culture. He yearns to â€Å"depart† from his class and seek a brighter one in another. But, I believe, that this is the tragedy of Alex. He deems to create for himself a new personality, an individuality, but through the acceptance of another ideological structure that might even be stronger and far more dangerous than the one he opts to leave behind. This is, as what Marx says, is a sense of false consciousness (Eagleton 103). â€Å"People are conditioned by the material world to accept certain ideas and beliefs as objective fact. They misunderstand their position and the meaning of their position. (Progreba 2). † On the other hand, we see Jonathan who departs from the States and its culture to find his roots in Ukraine. Armed with the picture of his grandfather and the picture of the woman who rescued him, he embarks on a journey to understand his muddled identity. Whereas, Alex looks at the American culture as one that would finally define him, Jonathan temporarily denounces it and searches for it in his history. This is evident in his chronicle of the history of his grandfather’s little village. But, similar to Alex, he finds fascination in a culture other than his own and looks up to it as a medium to understand his own identity. By narrating the events that led to the destruction of the village, from its establishment and his grandfather, Safran’s, rescue from the Nazis, Jonathan communicates with his past and forms a dialogue with it. For both young men, this search for identity traces itself to their yearning to reclaim their place in a society that alienates them. According to Marxist theory, the capitalist society alienates people in three different levels: first, the worker is alienated from what he produces; second, the worker is alienated from himself; and third, the worker is alienated from society. â€Å"The work of the proletarians has lost all their individual character, and consequently all charm for the workman. He becomes an appendage of the machine, and it is only the most simple, most monotonous, and most easily acquired knack that is required of him (Marx and Engels 14). † Jonathan, who has taken a leave of absence from university, finds himself at a loss regarding his future goals in life, some of which are imposed on him by the requirements of his social circle: fame and fortune. By following these, he would have to let go of his roots, of his own identity, and deliver products as what society needs of him. Hence, he finds his travel to Ukraine an opportunity for soul-searching, a method to deliver himself from the constraints of social responsibilities and discover his own potential as a person. When Alex questions Jonathan about his yearnings to be a writer, Jonathan answers him half-heartedly, as if questioning even his own decision to take on this career (Foer 69). But, by the middle of the novel, as implied in one of Alex’s letters to Jonathan, he had gone on back to university to pursue this career, perhaps already with an inkling of his own identity discovered during his visit in Ukraine. Alex, on the other hand, seeks deliverance in American culture. He detests his Father who bullies him and his â€Å"miniature† brother, Little Igor. He yearns to separate himself from this abusive authority and find solace in a culture that is â€Å"free† and â€Å"progressive†. We can view his Father and their travel company in the Marxist context as the Capitalist. Their company, Heritage Tours, having been a family business for three generations ties Alex intensely to the family that he hopes to leave behind. As his mother had said, she is extremely proud that her son had decided to taking the responsibility of acting as a guide for the â€Å"Jewish boy† instead of wallowing around doing nothing and wasting money (Foer 2). Marxist theory also expands on the notion of a â€Å"counter-hegemonic† culture that should be developed in order to retaliate against the prevailing social norms as promulgated by the ruling class. Essentially, the novel revolves around this, as with any text that centers on a search for identity and individuality. Alex and Jonathan both are at war with their societies which is why they seek to find it another, whether in more direct forms (like Jonathan’s) or discreetly (like Alex’s). There remains, in the story of these two individuals, a definite struggle to fight against hegemony and the norm. Conclusion The third narrative, as we have mentioned, are letters from Alex to Jonathan, still written in the same manner as he had spoken to us in his usual narrative. These letters, from mere discussion of their positions in life finally show the kind of relationship these two young men are able to foster. They are the acceptance of their brotherhood amidst the flurry of modern life, amidst the demands of their social classes and their inherent responsibilities. But, most importantly, as the novel proves, it serves as an insight into a quiet counter-revolution that prevails today. Works Cited: Eagleton, Terry. Criticism and Ideology: A Study in Marxist Literary Theory. William Clowes Ltd. : Suffolk, Great Britain. 2006 Foer, Jonathan Safran. Everything is Illuminated. Houghton Mifflin Books: New York, New York. 2002 Jones, Gareth Stedman. â€Å"Introduction. † The Communist Manifesto. Penguin Books Ltd. : USA, 1967 Marx, Karl and Frederick Engels. â€Å"The Communist Manifesto. † Socialist Labor Party of America. 2006. Retrieved from http://www. marxism. net/pdf/marx/comm_man. pdf

Television Violence :: essays research papers

Television Violence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence in television, is it turning our children into violent, destructive, and hateful toddlers. Yes or no? In today's society television plays such a big role in our everyday lives that it is hard to see if it effects our children's behavior. Television has the potential of being a very constructive learning tool, if used correctly. On the other hand if used in a destructive manner it could, hypothetically, turn our children and future leaders of tomorrow into deadly hate mongers. I believe that television does effect the way people think and behave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a survey given in 1978 at an unnamed college in Washington D.C., when asked if what was seen on T.V. effected the way they acted ,2% thought it did , 7% didn't know and ,91% didn't think it effected them at all(2). In 1993 a similar survey was given in London by the Broadcasting Standard Council( BSC ). When people were asked if they thought T.V. effected the way people behaved 41% said yes, 4% left without finishing the survey, and 55% said that they didn't think it effected the way people acted(14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As seen in the survey the problem of television violence is being made more aware to the people of the world. The problem has also grown over the years to a more serious dilemma making the government start to try and solve the problem by initiating laws in which television stations must limit violence on T.V.(6). It is still not enough though the problem must be taken care of promptly before it changes society as a whole. If the problem is not taken care of swiftly then it could effect the future of the world by having violence rampage the streets of our towns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past when television was first invented it was a much happier time. people could walk on our streets without having to care if they were going to make it home alive. I'm not trying to say that television is the reason that society today is so dangerously violent, but as violence on television evolved so did the violence on our streets. In the past there were not as many violent T.V. shows if there were even any. Also T.V. was more of a family recreation, most families could only afford one T.V. set so when children watched T.V. they were supervised by their family making violence almost an impossible thing to see if parents were not interested. Today, there are an average of three televisions per household so it is harder for parents to make Television Violence :: essays research papers Television Violence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violence in television, is it turning our children into violent, destructive, and hateful toddlers. Yes or no? In today's society television plays such a big role in our everyday lives that it is hard to see if it effects our children's behavior. Television has the potential of being a very constructive learning tool, if used correctly. On the other hand if used in a destructive manner it could, hypothetically, turn our children and future leaders of tomorrow into deadly hate mongers. I believe that television does effect the way people think and behave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a survey given in 1978 at an unnamed college in Washington D.C., when asked if what was seen on T.V. effected the way they acted ,2% thought it did , 7% didn't know and ,91% didn't think it effected them at all(2). In 1993 a similar survey was given in London by the Broadcasting Standard Council( BSC ). When people were asked if they thought T.V. effected the way people behaved 41% said yes, 4% left without finishing the survey, and 55% said that they didn't think it effected the way people acted(14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As seen in the survey the problem of television violence is being made more aware to the people of the world. The problem has also grown over the years to a more serious dilemma making the government start to try and solve the problem by initiating laws in which television stations must limit violence on T.V.(6). It is still not enough though the problem must be taken care of promptly before it changes society as a whole. If the problem is not taken care of swiftly then it could effect the future of the world by having violence rampage the streets of our towns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the past when television was first invented it was a much happier time. people could walk on our streets without having to care if they were going to make it home alive. I'm not trying to say that television is the reason that society today is so dangerously violent, but as violence on television evolved so did the violence on our streets. In the past there were not as many violent T.V. shows if there were even any. Also T.V. was more of a family recreation, most families could only afford one T.V. set so when children watched T.V. they were supervised by their family making violence almost an impossible thing to see if parents were not interested. Today, there are an average of three televisions per household so it is harder for parents to make

Spinal Cord Lesion Problem Solving Health And Social Care Essay

Scenario: A complete transverse spinal cord hurt occurs at degree T11/T12 vertebrae. See the worst instance scenario of complete lesion to turn to the undermentioned issues. A ) Describe which sections of spinal cord will be affected T11/12 lesions ( besides called paraplegia ) cause damage or remotion of the connexion between the Lumbar part and the encephalon. The sections above T11 ( C1-T10 ) will still be able to work decently. The lumbar sections ( Below T12 ) of the spinal cord will non be able to direct sensory signals up towards the encephalon through the white affair in the spinal cord, ensuing in deficiency of sensitiveness in that part. Descending piece of lands are besides damaged ; this consequences in loss of musculus control in that part because the encephalon can non direct encephalon signals. # Then comparison and contrast at 1 twenty-four hours and at 100 yearss after the hurt the followers: B ) loss of sensitiveness After a twenty-four hours of the hurt the patient will non hold any centripetal abilities from the legs. This is because the go uping centripetal signals can non be sent towards the encephalon. After 100 there will be no alteration from twenty-four hours 1. C ) musculus map The harm caused by the lesion does non let the musculus to work decently. Day 1 the patient will non experience anything and his encephalon can non direct signals to the musculuss leting controlled motion of the legs. After Day 100 the patient s leg will hold a decreased musculus tone compared to Day 1. The patient may besides see uncontrolled spastic physiological reactions ( explained underneath ) . D ) leg physiological reactions After the lesion occurs on the spinal cord, the spinal cord goes into spinal daze, all of the leg musculuss innervated bu the lumbar part below T12 become flaccid. 100 yearss after the incident, the patient might get down to acquire spastic physiological reactions. Compared to twenty-four hours 1 the spinal daze disables the automatic discharge in the spinal cord but in twenty-four hours 100 the physiological reaction discharge activates. However because of the harm, the centripetal signals do non go to the encephalon to let voluntary control from the encephalon, the signals merely travel in the automatic Ark below the site of harm this causes the spastic physiological reactions. Tocopherol ) continency Smooth musculus map is besides affected. The control of the vesica and sphincters which allow micturition will be impaired. T12 flat lesions cause flaccid vesicas, this is when patient will non be able to state when the vesica is full and can take to pulling of the vesica. At twenty-four hours one the patient will non be able to experience when their vesica is full, they will necessitate aid from the physician who will besides prove them and take the patients through a bladder direction plan. After 100 yearss the patient will be used to cognizing the clip when they are required to empty their vesicas due to following the bladder direction plan. This essay counts towards the concluding twelvemonth test. A upper limit of 10 % is available from this study. Maximum reply length one A4 page. Pay attending that you understand what people in wheelchairs experience. Announced 11.2.2011 Deadline for entry: 4th March 2011. To be handed in to Teaching Office- Harborne BuildingSpinal Cord Lesion: Problem Solving AssignmentSpinal cord hurt is when the spinal cord is damaged to an extent that its communicating with the encephalon is either impaired or removed. The most common causes of spinal cord hurt is through injury ( falls, auto accidents etc ) or diseases such as infantile paralysis. Overtime gilal cicatrixs incorporating astrocytes and macrophages start to develop. Glial cicatrixs besides contain chondoitin sulfate proteoglycans which inhibits the regeneration of axons forestalling the aa‚ ¬E?rewiringaa‚ ¬a„? of the nervousnesss in the spinal cord ( Bradbury et al 2001 ) Patients enduring from complete cross spinal cord T11/12 lesions ( besides called paraplegia ) will lose their connexion between the Lumbar part of the spinal cord and the encephalon, nevertheless the sections above T11 ( C1-T10 ) will still be able to work decently. The deficiency of communicating will forestall the lumbar sections ( Below T12 ) from directing sensory signals up towards the encephalon through the white affair in the spinal cord, ensuing in deficiency of sensitiveness in that part. Descending piece of lands are besides damaged ; this consequences in loss of musculus control in that part because the encephalon can non direct signals to the motor neurones. After a twenty-four hours of the hurt the patient will non be able to direct go uping centripetal signals towards the encephalon, this means that they will non hold any centripetal abilities from the legs, the sense of hurting is included. Blood flow is besides affected, the sympathetic tracts of the fringe system will non be able to increase blood flow of the arterias in the legs, and this affects the overall blood force per unit area of the organic structure. At twenty-four hours one the patient may still be in spinal daze and his encephalon would n't be able to have and centripetal information from his legs, unluckily The harm caused by the lesion does non let the musculus to work decently. At Day 1 the patient will non be able to voluntarily travel the musculuss controlled by the lumbar part. This causes complications with blood flow because the musculuss in the leg can non impel the deoxygenated blood against the force of gravitation through the vena. This plus the deficiency of sympathetic stimulation may take to ischemia. After Day 100 the patient s leg will hold a decreased musculus tone compared to Day 1 due to miss of musculus motion. The patient nevertheless may still be able to walk utilizing abdominal musculuss to travel the legs and either braces or clasps for support. During spinal daze, all of the leg musculuss innervated below T12 become flaccid. During twenty-four hours 1 the spinal daze will disenable the automatic discharge in the spinal cord but during twenty-four hours 100 ( after the daze ends ) the automatic discharge activates and the patient might get down to acquire spastic physiological reactions. The spastic physiological reactions are caused because action potencies reflex discharges are activated Smooth musculus map is besides affected. The control of the vesica and sphincters which allow micturition will be impaired. T12 flat lesions cause flaccid vesicas, this is when patient will non be able to state when the vesica is full and can take to pulling of the vesica. At twenty-four hours one the patient will non be able to experience when their vesica is full, they will necessitate aid from the physician who will besides prove them and take the patients through a bladder direction plan. After 100 yearss the patient will be used to cognizing the clip when they are required to empty their vesicas due to following the bladder direction plan. There are still overall alterations that the patient will hold to travel through. There are medicines that are available to assist patients get by with their state of affairs such as Muscle relaxants ( baclofen, Flexeril, Valium Etc ) and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to handle hurting. The patient will besides hold to set their life style because they will be utilizing a wheel chair Bradbury, E. J. , L. D. F. Moon, et Al. ( 2002 ) . â€Å" Chondroitinase ABC promotes functional recovery after spinal cord hurt. † Nature 416 ( 6881 ) : 636-640. McLachlan, E. M. and J. A. Brock ( 2006 ) . Adaptations of peripheral vasoconstrictive tracts after spinal cord hurt. Advancement in Brain Research. C. W. Lynne and P. Canio, Elsevier. Volume 152: 289-297. mimushasho4ever, Nacho ‘s accident T11-T12 Com, Jul 21, 2010, Online picture cartridge holder, Youtube, Accessed: 01 March 2010